headlines since 2010. Events now known as banking or government debt crises often have had elements of both, and could have gone … banking crises as banks were for resolving sovereign debt crises. As capital movements have become more rapid and global, the …

might have undermined regional stability. If they wish to protect EU taxpayers from potentially destabilizing regulatory …

technology in their supervision of banks. Finally, the pandemic will accelerate the transformation of some fintech companies from … agile disruptors operating largely outside significant regulatory framework, to mainstream financial services companies that … companies within the regulatory fold. Nevertheless, the pandemic emphasized that fintech is now a critical element of a modern …

shift funding towards projects and beneficiaries identified as sustainable. This is compatible with traditional regulatory … objectives (only) to the extent that regulatory measures try to enhance the sensitivity of existing arrangements vis-à-vis new …

liberalization models in a comparative manner. Four models are analyzed: (i) The single buyer model, of which elements can be found …