In this paper we examine the empirical relevance of three prominent endogenous protection models. Is protection for …) and the Tariff Function (Findlay and Wellisz, 1982) models are significant at the one percent level. Novel is our … application of a single, unified theoretical framework to take strict interpretations of the three theoretical models to the data …

of trade. Regression results suggest that import protection makes income distribution worse for countries in labor …

perspective, general market access commitments with respect to services trade and commitments regarding government procurement of … Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS), it derives insights from a large number of Regional Trade Agreements (RTAs) that embody … substantive provisions on both government procurement and services trade. An important finding is that, from an economic …

In spite of their growing importance in international trade as well as in bilateral and multilateral trade negotiations …, services have only attracted limited attention from researchers interested in determinants of trade policies and trade … cooperation. This paper seeks to account for countries' varying levels of market access commitments under the multilateral General …

This paper examines the rationale for the rules on domestic subsidies in international trade agreements through a … curtailed by a trade agreement that binds tariffs only. We refer to this as the policy substitution problem. When factors of … credibly commit vis-à-vis the domestic lobby unless the trade agreement also regulates production subsidies, thus addressing …

gradual but persistent. This article reviews and synthesizes the literature on trends and fluctuations in market distortions … the extent of market distortions and the conditions under which refirm may be feasible. …

This paper examines the rationale for the rules on domestic subsidies in international trade agreements through a … curtailed by a trade agreement that binds tariffs only. We refer to this as the policy substitution problem. When factors of … credibly commit vis-à-vis the domestic lobby unless the trade agreement also regulates production subsidies, thus addressing …