Since World War II, direct stock ownership by households has largely been replaced by indirect stock ownership by financial institutions. We argue that tax policy is the driving force. Using long time-series from eight countries, we show that the fraction of household ownership decreases with...

Since World War II, direct stock ownership by households has largely been replaced by indirect stock ownership by financial institutions. We argue that tax policy is the driving force. Using long time-series from eight countries, we show that the fraction of household ownership decreases with...

The goal of this study is to determine which fund or country-specific characteristics predict accurate performance in terms of tracking country-specific stock market indices. Ninety-three country-specific exchange-traded funds from 47 different countries are included in this study. In accordance...

The interaction between the international stock exchange of foreign exchange rates, and industry indices have different implications between one industry with another. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine the significance of simultaneous and partial effects of foreign exchanges...

Globalization has made whole stock markets integrated. Another investment's instruments e.g. commodity and forex have shown a link among stock market, commodity market, and forex market. This research aim's to indicate link among world stock market and commodity market on domestic stock market...

Following other leading international securities markets, the Tokyo stock exchange [TSE] has adopted a publicly displayed but anonymous limit order book, and we ask: how is market quality affected? Accounting for fixed effects and endogeneity, we find increased volatility and higher order book...