High and rising unemployment rates in the early 1990s have moved the employment question centrestage in the policy debate. Among the structural aspects, the relation between firm size and employment creation has attracted policy makers’ attention, triggered by empirical work on the United...

Productivity growth is the main driver of living standards. But productivity has slowed down over the past decade, starting already before the crisis. This paper shows that this is linked to a slowdown in the diffusion of global frontier innovations to other firms and difficulties in...

The transition to climate neutrality requires cost reductions in existing clean technologies to enable rapid deployment on a large scale, as well as the development of emerging technologies such as green hydrogen. This policy paper argues that science, technology, innovation, and industrial...