As human societies grapple with the scarcity of environmental resources—clean water, biodiversity, and atmospheric quality—environmental markets will achieve an important role in the global economy. Along with markets for knowledge, they may become the most important institutions in the...

Given the vital and controversial debate on fairness concerns in international climate negotiations, the acceptance of a climate treaty may be fostered if the distribution of costs and benefits from global environmental protection is perceived to be "fair". Since an agreement must be acceptable...