socioeconomic disparities in health outcomes. We also explore the individual-specific effects of Long Covid. We develop and … calibrate a health economic model based on principles of the biology of human aging that captures the interaction between … infections and chronic health deficits. Our analysis suggests that neglecting this interaction leads to a gross underestimation …

We examine how political institutions influence health expenditure by using a panel of 151 developing and developed …-30% higher government health expenditure relative to GDP than their autocratic counterparts. An instrumental variable approach … which exploits the regional diffusion of democracy confirms the positive effect of democracy on government health …

This study aimed to explore the impact of retirement on health through the application of a fixed effects instrumental …, physical independence, and self-rated health after retirement. Consistently, retirement was associated with reduced physical … inactivity and smoking among women, which was not observed among men. Sex differences in post-retirement health behaviors may …

expenditures in health sector and a lower exposure of population to air pollution, regardless a higher percentage of population …

life expectancy using a panel of 92 countries covering the 1970-2005 period. Using different estimation techniques and …

In the present paper author through an empirical analysis with panel data will point out that there is a critical level … of health expenditure (% GDP) beyond which economic growth starts rising. Health expenditure (% GDP) is taken from OECD …, the rest from Eurostat. The elaboration of these panel data is made feasible by means of the Eviews software package …

, are growing, and are related to several economic, social and health sector variables. Global efforts to deal with this …

Background: A world divided by health inequalities poses ethical challenges for global health. International and … national responses to health disparities must be rooted in ethical values about health and its distribution; this is because … health justice. Aim: To study why global health inequalities are morally troubling, why efforts to reduce them are morally …

population health. To date, however, there has been very little econometric research on the relationship between these two … variables. This paper examines the long-run relationship between trade openness and population health for a sample of 74 … countries over five decades, from 1960 to 2010. Using panel time-series techniques, it is shown that international trade in …