This chapter supplies, for the first time, a table that contains all 56 episodes of hyperinflation, including several … which had previously gone unreported. The Hyperinflation Table is compiled in a systematic and uniform way. Most importantly … each episode, identifies the month of peak hyperinflation, and signifies the currency that was in circulation, as well as …

This study investigates the evolution of central bank profits as fiscal revenue (or: seigniorage)before and in the … United States Federal Reserve System, theBank of Japan, the Swiss National Bank, the European Central Bank, and the … monetary policies are seeing their gradual“normalization.”Seigniorage exposes the connections between currency issuance and …

This study investigates the evolution of central bank profits as fiscal revenue (or: seigniorage) before and in the …, the United States Federal Reserve System, the Bank of Japan, the Swiss National Bank, the European Central Bank, and the … as monetary policies are seeing their gradual "normalization". Seigniorage exposes the connections between currency …

" and War conflicts in the 21st Century. Empirical findings underscore the effect of such incidents on hospitality …

risk affected the returns on stocks, oil, and gold during the GFC, COVID-19, and Russia-Ukraine war-three disruptive events …-Ukraine war period compared to COVID-19 period and is shown to have least variation during the GFC period. WTI crude oil and DJGI … indexes are observed to have high variations during GFC, and COVID-19 periods followed by Russia-Ukraine war. We further …