This essay analyzes issues surrounding the impact of offshoring, an iconic manifestation of globalization in its present stage, on job creation and inequality on both sides of the geo-economic divide, focusing simultaneously on the US, the leading country involved in services offshoring, and on...

WP 201 takes a historical perspective in analysing past systemic social-ecological transition processes. The research paper (MS 27) emerging from task 201.2 explores two major energy transitions of the past: the transition to the use of fossil fuels (e.g. starting with coal in the UK in the 17th...

Today international society faces a challenge in addressing the global financial and economic crises. Never-ending debates on the key causes of financial crises shows there is uncertainty in financial matter. Unlike risk, uncertainty cannot be forecasted by mathematical and stochastic methods....

The paper aims to trace the development of analytical frameworks for global value chains (GVC). This is not an encyclopedic literature survey; it focuses only on the strands of research that explicitly consider vertical (supply–use) relations of cross-border production sharing and their impact...

From a macroeconomic perspective, the historical evolution of trade and commerce has been closely entangled in a two-way or paradoxical relationship with the evolution of laws, in which one is inextricably linked to the other and both mutually influence each other. At the microeconomic level,...

The conventional wisdom is there have been two globalizations in the modern era. The first began around 1870 and ended in 1914. The second began in 1945 and is still underway. This paper challenges that view and argues there have been three globalizations, not two. The first half of the paper...

This paper is the first to provide both theoretical and empirical evidence of farmlandglobalization whereby international investors directly acquire large tracts of agricultural landin other countries. A theoretical framework explains the geography of farmland acquisitionsas a function of...

This paper aims to investigate the evolution of economic theories that explain firms’ internationalization and the development of foreign direct investments. Arguments are intended to show that theoretical approaches in this field are rooted in the period of classical theories of the...

The objective of this working paper is to point out major ways of regulating the global economy in order to increase impact of foreign trade, credits and (foreign) investments on economic growth and welfare. Some basic problems that occur in the process of balancing economic development are...

The world is witnessing growing turbulence stemming from geopolitics and a tangible threat of economic disintegration. There are some indications of globalization in retreat, international trade growth slowing down and a transition from optimizing efficiency of global value chains towards...