and economic growth. We make use of a Johansen-based panel cointegration methodology allowing for cross-country dependence … the direction of potential causality between financial and economic development. Our results conclude to the existence of … a single cointegrating vector between financial development and growth and of causality going from financial development …

By using the Emirmahmutoglu–Kose bootstrap Granger non-causality method, this study explores the directions of … causality among tourist arrivals, tourism receipts, energy consumption and economic growth for the top 10 most-visited countries …-sectional dependence exists across the top countries for the analyzed variables, the bootstrap Granger causality test that accounts for the …