This paper uses a gravity framework to investigate the effects of distance as well as subnational and national borders … border effects stem from the metropolitan level rather than state. Second, border and distance effects decrease with the age … distance effects are interestingly increasing. Finally, we find that (assignee) self-citations and aggregation bias are two …

distance between business partners is still relevant even when information and communication technologies (ICT) provide …

religion between groups. The resulting distance-adjusted ethno-linguistic fractionalization index (DELF) is based on highly … shows that this does not hold true for ethnic diversity in more developed countries. As regards the cultural distance …

within US states. After controlling for distance and country size, we estimate that relative to state-to-state trade …