Although patents are the prototypical type of protection that most people consider applicable to protecting drugs, patents are just the most-established and well-known method available to protect drugs from competition. However, there are other types of mechanisms in regulatory laws that provide...

This paper investigates the determinants of success in the development of new drugs. In specific, it explores the factors of success in drug development programs at different stages of innovation process. We use economies of scale, scope, R&D competition and technological spillovers as...

This paper aims to investigate the effect of knowledge characteristics on the total factor productivity of firms developing drugs in the pharmaceutical industry. We decompose knowledge into knowledge associated with the technological firm portfolio and knowledge related to R&D projects, which...

This paper aims to investigate the effect of knowledge characteristics on the total factor productivity of firms developing drugs in the pharmaceutical industry. We decompose knowledge into knowledge associated with the technological firm portfolio and knowledge related to R&D projects, which...

This paper investigates the determinants of success in the development of new drugs. In specific, it explores the factors of success in drug development programs at different stages of innovation process. We use economies of scale, scope, R&D competition and technological spillovers as...

This paper examines the determinants of international technology agreements in the global tire industry between 1985 and 1996. The empirical investigation combines firm level data on establishment, patenting, and alliance activity with dyad and country specific variables to explain the observed...

Research and development activities have become more and more internationalized with emerging economies playing an increasingly important role. This phenomenon is particularly debated in the pharmaceutical industry where (western‐) pharmaceutical companies have started to offshore clinical...

International Business is understood as commercial activity which transcends borders. In the era of Globalization, the distinction between domestic business and international business has become insignificant. Most of the domestic firms go international due to some ‘proactive/reactive' factors...

Three months into the COVID-19 outbreak caused by a novel strain of coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), the world is still in search of an effective therapeutic drug. Experimental drugs developed for other infections, such as Gilead's remdesivir, have been repurposed with unclear success. A recent small...

Using a reduced form binary econometric model, we analyze the determinants of pharmaceutical companies entry decisions into new submarkets. Our sample includes data for pharmaceutical companies over the period 1987-1998 for seven countries. Estimation is done both at the aggregate level and at a...