This paper is about the irregular war in Rio de Janeiro regarding its rules and dynamics, its links with local politics … in violence and crime, interiorized the warrior ethos or violent practices, becoming their own executioners by killing …

seizures, random mandatory drug test results, various measures of harm, violence, and causes of death. I first document a large … increase in NPS availability and an alarming correlation with the steep rise in harm and violence behind bars. I then evaluate … in violence, self-harm, and suicides following the law. Collectively, the findings suggest unwarranted responses to …