To date, there is limited understanding about the consequences of wartime dynamics for post-war state … armed groups govern territories and civilians within them-that under certain circumstances may be harnessed in the post-war … the type of statebuilding and political regime trajectories that emerge in the post-war period. …

have a war bias that is so strong that they prefer war occurring with high probability whereas citizens prefer peace …What can be done to reduce the likelihood of future wars? While states’ decisions that bear on war are ultimately made … future wars. This thesis can be broken down into two claims: first, there is a war bias of political leaders; second, people …

exist with a positive war frequency. Third, if multiple equilibria exist, the perpetual peace equilibrium may be unstable in … international conflict. In this paper, we investigate whether this motive is sufficiently important for war to persist in … equilibrium if all countries are democracies. Three key findings emerge. First, the perpetual peace equilibrium hypothesized by …