The Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA), or Dow Jones, is a stock market index that measures the stock performance of 30 large companies listed on stock exchanges in the United States. Over a period of time, it has become the global standard, a key indicator of the health of the US economy (in...

Advances in information technology have fundamentally altered how we make decisions, as well as the range of alternative options we might consider when deciding. From fairly trivial decisions to important ones, our decisions are increasingly informed by online expert or “crowd-sourced”...

We examine the evolution of decentralized clearinghouse mechanisms from the 13th to the 18th century; in particular, we explore the clearing of non- or limitedtradable debts like bills of exchange. We construct a theoretical model of these clearinghouse mechanisms, similar to the models in the...