In this paper the extensive empirical literature on the gender wage gap is reviewed with particular attention given to … lead to inconsistent parameter estimates. On the other hand, empirical evidence on the gender wage gap hinges on the …

This paper uses cross-country data to examine the long-term effect of trade openness on the gender gaps in wages …, education, political empowerment and health. Key findings are: trade openness since 1970 reduced the gender gaps in wages and … openness on the gender wage gap remained observable in later years (1980, 1990 and 2000), although it decreased in degree over …

The gender wage gap varies across countries. For example, among OECD nations women in Australia, Belgium, Italy and … important in gender wage gap studies that employ individual data. This paper explicitly concentrates on labor market … institutions that are related to female lifetime work that affect the gender wage gap across countries. Using ISSP (International …