This work studies the processes of growth of the worlds top 150 pharmaceutical firms, on the grounds of an original database which also allows disaggregate analysis at the level of single therapeutic classes and chemical entities. Our findings show that the industry - whose long - term evolution...

Using patent citation data for the U.S., we test whether knowledge spillovers in biotechnology are sensitive to distance, and whether that sensitivity has changed over time. Controlling for self-citation by inventor, assignee and examiner, cohort-based regression analysis shows that physical...

How can the world reach herd immunity against COVID-19 before the second anniversary of the pandemic, or March 2022? A study of vaccine demand and supply answers this question. A target of vaccinating 60 percent of the population in each country by March 2022 is likely sufficient to achieve...

In attempts to attract foreign investment many developing countries find export processing zones (EPZs) appealing. Namibia, for example, sought to establish an EPZ around the uranium mining town of Arandis. This paper is a critical response to that initiative. It reviews a number of EPZ schemes...

This paper compares two alternative growth paths, assessing the effects on productivity of specialisation in natural resources (NR) and in technologically advanced products. The empirical analysis exploits product-level export data for 109 developing and 51 developed economies over the period...

This paper explore the role of institutions to enhance the productivity growth across countries using a two stage Double Bootstrap Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). The productivity growth is calculated on the basis of Malmquist productivity index. It also explores the sources of productivity...

We use the non-parametric Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and the parametric Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) to workout efficiency and productivity of the ICT sector across 50 countries for the time period 2016 and 2020. By considering OECD -DSTRI index as bad output, the study intends to...

This paper integrates innovation input and output effects of R&D subsidies into a modified Crépon–Duguet–Mairesse (CDM) model. Our results largely confirm insights of the input additionality literature, i.e. public subsidies complement private R&D investment. In addition, results point to...