In all Western societies women earn lower wages on average than men. The gender wage gap has existed for many years … progress made by women in the labor market, and the characteristics and causes of remaining gender inequalities. It also covers … other dimensions of inequality and their interplay with gender, such as family formation, wellbeing, race, and immigrant …

account nationality- and gender-specific differences. In a second step, and based on the finding that unemployment rates …

much of the variation in elasticities can be explained by the variation in gender, participation rates, and country fixed …