Over millennia, mankind has used hard cash in various forms ranging from shells to gold coins and paper. More recently, cash has become unpopular in political circles, as it effectively restricts states’ power to tax (explicitly or via negative interest rates) or to survey and potentially...

In this paper, we gather together the minimum units of Bitcoin identity (the individual addresses), and group them into approximations of business entities, what we call “super clusters”. While these clusters can remain largely anonymous, we are able to ascribe many of them to particular...

Part I: Defining the Internet of Value 1 -- Chapter 1. Defining the Internet of Value -- Part II: How DLT will evolve in the Future 13 -- Chapter 2. Blockchains, DLTs and the Future of Payments 15 -- Chapter 3. Consensus: Proof of Work, Proof of Stake and Structural Alternatives. Part III: The...