The availability of internal and external financing sources significantly influences firms' investments and growth. Even profitable firms with ample financing in normal times can be adversely affected by demand and supply shocks such as the COVID-19 pandemic, the energy crisis, or the recent...

Advanced market economies are characterized by a continuous process of creative destruction. Market forces and technological developments play a major role in shaping this process, but institutional and policy settings also influence firms' decision to enter, to expand if successful and to exit...

Numerous papers have shown that developing economies are more volatile. This paper shows despite greater aggregate and industry stability, performance and size of individual firms in developed countries are more volatile. In developing countries, market imperfections insulate incumbent firms...

In this paper we focus on two issues. First, we examine whether firms in a thirty country sample finance long-term and short-term investment similarly. Second, we investigate whether perceived differences in the efficiency of the legal systems and in financial institutions across countries are...

If unemployment insurance is more generous, workers should demand less implicit insurance from their employers: firm- and government-provided insurance should be substitutes. Using a firm-level international panel dataset, we investigate this hypothesis exploiting cross-country and time-series...

Corporate leverage responds differently to employees' rights in bankruptcy depending on whether it is driven by strategic concerns in wage bargaining or by credit constraints. Using novel data on employees' rights in bankruptcy, we estimate their impact on leverage, exploiting time-series,...

We investigate the determinants of firms' implicit insurance to employees, using a difference-indifference approach: we rely on differences between family and non-family firms to identify the supply of insurance, and exploit variation in unemployment insurance across and within countries to...

In recent theories of financial analysis, a financial approach has been adopted which is based on the dynamic (modern) coefficients established from cash flows - cash flow indicators. Some of the areas of their application are capital investments, which largely depend on internal sources of...

We look at the ESG practices of the US’s top 100 private equity firms, representing more than $1.5 trillion of committed capital and directly employs 12 million individuals in the United States. We find that the ESG practices, and their corresponding disclosures, significantly lag behind that...

According to the World Economic Forum, Global Competitiveness Index 2006-07 that ranking of Indonesia's competitiveness is 50 from 125 countries. Furthermore for infrastructure competitiveness, Indonesia's ranking is 89, lower than East Asian countries (e.g., China, Malaysia, Philippines,...