) model. Our results largely confirm insights of the input additionality literature, i.e. public subsidies complement private …This paper integrates innovation input and output effects of R&D subsidies into a modified Crépon–Duguet–Mairesse (CDM … R&D investment. In addition, results point to positive output effects of both purely privately funded and subsidy …

line with theoretical predictions, we find a positive impact of domestic R&D subsidies and a negative one for foreign … subsidies provided at other group locations. Quantitatively, the fi ndings suggest that around 80% of the observed increase in R …