This paper was prepared for the OECD-IEA Climate Change Expert Group (formerly called the Annex I Expert Group) for the purpose of providing useful and timely input on specific topics relevant to international negotiations under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)....

The study aims to investigate the dynamic impacts of economic growth, energy use, urbanization, agricultural productivity, and forested area on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in Kazakhstan. Time series data from 1996 to 2020 were utilized by employing the Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS)...