When a bank is a relationship lender, its financial health affects its borrowers' access to credit. If regulators or depositors might close a bank, it will take any action necessary to remain open. This leads to excessive foreclosure of the bank's relationship-based loans or to the bank's...

We analyze how financial crises affect international financial integration, exploiting euro area proprietary interbank data, crisis and monetary policy shocks, and variation in loan terms to the same borrower on the same day by domestic versus foreign lenders. Crisis shocks reduce the supply of...