This paper explores EU policy on GIs as expressed in finalised EU trade treaties. This empirical approach provides a factual basis about the GI deals which are acceptable to the EU. The paper also identifies GI outcomes in recent treaties driven by US negotiating demands. While US-driven...

The European Union (EU) has been the principal driver of policy on geographical indications (GIs). Classified as a form of "intellectual property", GIs have been highly contentious, creating considerable difficulties in international trade negotiations. This paper reviews how GI policy for...

In the context of the overall purpose of patent policy - to induce invention that would not otherwise occur and which delivers a net benefit to society - this paper reviews the evidence available on the question of gene patenting. The paper starts with assessing the evidence for the need for a...

Litigated pharmaceutical patents are a valuable source of data on how much inventiveness is required for a patent grant and what are the costs of patents. Although innovation is central to economic growth and the competitiveness of firms, there are few data about either the cost of granted...

The major focus of this paper is introducing an objectives clause in patent statutes. Such proposals have been made in Australia as it is clear from case law that judges need better direction as to the goals of the patent system. An advisory group, composed largely of patent system...