This paper develops indices of fiscal transparency for a broad range of countries based on the IMF's Code of Good Practices on Fiscal Transparency, using data derived from published fiscal transparency modules of the Reports on the Observance of Standards and Codes (ROSCs). The indices covers...

Introduction: debt, deficits and austerity -- We must live within our means -- Governments must balance their books -- We must tighten our belts -- Don't go into debt -- Taxes are a burden -- Austerity: there is no alternative -- Always an alternative.

We contribute to the intense debate on the real effects of fiscal stimuli by showing that the impact of government expenditure shocks depends crucially on key country characteristics, such as the level of development, exchange rate regime, openness to trade, and public indebtedness. Based on a...