Using a sample of modern international cartels, we analyze the level and determinants of cartel sanctions imposed on … of affected commerce. When compensations recovered by private parties are taken into account, the average cartel sanction … the participants of these cartels in a number of antitrust jurisdictions. There is empirical evidence suggesting that …

are more than one-hundred countries with competition law regimes almost all of which proscribe cartels. Unquestionably …

Justice has great latitude in recommending corporate cartel fines to the federal courts, and its recommendations are nearly … Antitrust Division of the DOJ on 118 corporate participants of hard-core global cartels. Our behavioral model provides the first … direct test of the optimal deterrence theory of antitrust crimes. Regressions are fitted to a sample of the corporations that …

absolute Commission fine. Independent variables fall into four groups: the extent of the cartel’s antitrust injuries; factors … the predictive power of the optimal deterrence theory of antitrust violations in the EU. In addition, they offer insights … into other determinants of the EC’s leniency program for cartels and its effectiveness. Regressions are fitted to a sample …

case of cartel violations, both the United States and the EU have introduced guidelines for calculating fines that are … intended to make fining decisions more transparent and to deter cartel formation. The research summarized in this paper finds …-deterrence theory dictates. We do find rather large differences in temporal patterns between U.S. and EC fines: the former do not …

Antidumping creates opportunities for abuse to stifle market competition. Whether cartels actually abuse trade policy … that matches cartel investigations with trade data at the product level. We then estimate the world import price and … quantity effects of antidumping in cartel products. We find that the use of antidumping in cartel industries helps to maintain …