Income inequality in many middle-income countries has increased at an alarming level. While the time series relationship between income inequality and economic growth has been extensively investigated, the causal and dynamic link between them, particularly for the middle-income countries, has...

Well designed and comprehensive analyses of identifying determinants for a global financial center (GFC) are limited. This study is conducted to examine and identify the fundamental determinants for the Asia-Pacific region. Current literature provides us with 14 determinants which have been used...

Findings from previous studies indicate that the long-run stationarity of the real exchange rate in different time horizons remains unclear. In order to shed light on this problem, we have adopted a new method which is widely used to analyze signals, the so-called wavelet transformation. This...

A contribution of foreign direct investment to economic growth is possibly one of the widely examined topics in academic research in the last five decades. However, few studies have examined both the short run and long run impacts of this effect concurrently for developing and emerging markets,...

Financial development has been considered an efficient and effective mechanism for the sustainable economic growth and development of emerging markets in past decades. However, various concerns have emerged in relation to the influences of financial sector development on income inequality. It is...