the pricing of default risk. Inalienability implies that it is not as advantageous to expropriate FDI relative to other … flows. These features combine to give a risk sharing advantage to FDI over other capital flows. This risk sharing advantage … and country risk ratings to measure financing constraints, I present new evidence linking FDI and financing constraints …

, which are disproportionately affected by climate change, raises significant concerns. This study shows that sovereign risk …. Countries with elevated risk levels are disproportionately vulnerable to climate change compared to their lower-risk … vulnerability to climate change, in terms of sovereign risk, particularly for countries with low spreads and long-term debt …