Climate change presents global externalities, leading private markets to underinvest in climate change solutions. The key insight of this paper is that some private market participants, namely large oil and gas (O&G) firms, are in a position to internalize important climate change externalities...

The purpose of this paper is to examine the causality between DUST, CO2 and temperature for the Vostok ice core data series [Vostok Data Series], dating from 420 000 years ago, and the EPICA C Dome data going back 800 000 years. In addition, the time-varying volatility and coefficient of...

An important literature emphasizes that finance grew rapidly after WWII relative to the full economy and the services sector, but these are poor benchmarks because they mask a broad structural shift from low- to high-skill services. We show that: i) finance is among the most skill-intensive...