Central bank digital currency (“CBDC”) is a crucial FinTech development which aspires to overhaul the current payment system. In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, CBDCs' promises to reduce personal contact, facilitate socially desirable use of money, and initiate more targeted monetary...

Current literature on central bank digital currencies (CBDCs) generally focuses on regulatory issues in the domestic context. This paper discusses the challenges when a CBDC circulates across national borders. It addresses three cross-border spillover effects of the CBDC: the crowding out effect...

Paragraph 2(a) of the Annex on Financial Services of the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS), known as the “GATS Prudential Exception”, plays a crucial role in connecting international trade laws and international financial laws. Commentators, however, are less satisfied with it....

The re-emergence of state capitalism around the world in recent years has challenged the world trade regime in many respects. In particular, the practice of state-owned banks (SOBs), which funds the policy advancement of state capitalist countries, has challenged the subsidy regime of the World...