Population aging and last decade economic circumstances are the factors the pension systems should overcome for maintaining either appropriate level of benefit amount for decent life in the developed countries or minimum subsistence allowances in developing and poor countries, hence many public...

The global financial crisis affected also Polish pension market. Low or negative rate return on pension capital accumulated in Open Pension Funds led to social disappointment and growth of feeling of social insecurity. Prolonged financial crisis together with sluggish economic growth forced...