competition. The European Commission, in trying to improve the wholesale roaming market, caused the introduction of a system of … non-discriminatory prices that were not subject to competition but instead to low levels of price transparency and with … partners, demonstrating little evidence of competition. Analyses of the wholesale markets by national regulators revealed …

boutique fuels and power, and allowing energy firms to restrict output and raise prices without fear of competition …. And it offers recommendations for how competition and energy regulators can work together to ensure that energy standards … do not undercut the aims of competition policies …

necessary software. Mobile network operators expect this to increase the intensity of competition on the manufacturer side and … intensify competition for innovation. A major challenge of Open RAN is the comparatively complex integration of the desired …

It may seem obvious that good trade policy can promote competition. That is, by opening up a domestic economy to … the other hand, although it may appear less obvious, good competition policy can be a means for fostering good trade … policies. A competitive domestic economy, as enhanced by appropriate competition policies, can be a good defense against …

This document (of 351 pages) contains the proceedings of a one-day roundtable on regulation and competition issues … member countries describing in detail the regulatory regime for broadcasting and some of the competition policy issues which … broadcasting, approaches to regulation of broadcasting and highlighting the features of the industry which give rise to competition …

This paper discusses challenges for competition authorities in the 21st century. Those challenges were identified on … contemporary antitrust scholars are those that will likely constitute the main challenges for 21st century competition authorities …