justified the inclusion of arbitration agreements in international commercial contracts because the New York Arbitration … easily enforced, and court judgments will more easily recognized in other states. Thus, the choice between arbitration and … Hague Convention with those existing under the New York Arbitration Convention …

deadweight loss in the form of reputational damages. I build a model to show that arbitration can circumvent this inefficiency by …

Despite the non-binding nature of investment arbitration decisions beyond the circle of disputing-parties, arbitration … tribunals rely on earlier decisions ‘whenever they can'. However, arbitration practice shows that opinions diverge when it comes … to deciding how much influence those earlier arbitration decisions should exert. These diverging opinions result from …

arbitration clause and party autonomy. This article, deals with this issue of powers of international (financial) arbitrators and … transnational commercial an financial legal order ityself, merely activated by the arbitration clause but are not founded therein …

The ancient Sumerians, Persians, Egyptians, Greeks, and Romans all had a tradition of arbitration. Arbitration “took … postscript to development of public courts. The functions of arbitration as a private, flexible, effective, and independent … process fuelled its recognition. Arbitration has to guarantee legal certainty, predictability, and settlement being costless …

investment treaty arbitration does not support fair and independent adjudication of the boundaries of sovereign authority and of …