Canada's international competitiveness has received increasing attention in recent years as exports have fallen short … of expectations and Canada has lost market share. This paper asks whether the Bank of Canada's current effective exchange … rate measure, the CERI, is still an accurate measure of Canada's international competitiveness. Overall, while the CERI …

model of varying cooperative tariffs by Bagwell and Staiger (1990) to specify our empirical model for the probability of a … WTO bound tariffs that we built for all WTO Members from 1996 to 2011 at the HS 6-digit level of disaggregation. Our …

model of varying cooperative tariffs by Bagwell and Staiger (1990) to specify our empirical model for the probability of a … WTO bound tariffs that we built for all WTO Members from 1996 to 2011 at the HS 6-digit level of disaggregation. Our …

countries through links in global supply chains. We combine data from inputoutput relationships, imports and tariffs, to … calculate the impact of the tariff increases by both the US and China on cumulative tariffs for other countries and thus hurt …‐exported to third countries. The most heavily hit third countries are the closest trade partners, namely Canada and Mexiko. We …

in which traders operate.Binding tariffs at the WTO reduces the scope for their discretionary use. But, countries have … bound tariffs at ceiling levels often substantially above the level of applied tariffs. Therefore, whether the ceiling rate …. Using a recently built database on applied tariffs covering over 100 countries for the period 1996 to 2009, we find evidence …