This paper introduces and describes a new city-level data set on political institutions in pre-modern Europe. To be … institutions between 800 AD and 1800 AD in 104 cities in central Europe (Alsace-Lorrain, Austria, Belgium, Germany, the Netherlands … burgher representation) represent the universe of existing political institutions in cities in this era. This new data set is …

Ethnic and religious fractionalization have important effects on economic growth and development, but their role in … ecclesiastical conflicts shows that religous fractionalization likely has negative effects on economic growth. …

In this paper we used the procedures developed in the Kumar and Russell (2002) growth-accounting study to examine cross …-country growth during the 1990's. Using a data set comprising developed, newly industrialized, developing and transitional economies …, we decomposed the growth of output per worker into components attributable to technological catch-up, technological …

results suggest that (particularly state) institutions aresignificant for growth and, especially, foreign direct investment …Growth empirics with institutional measures is performed for 25 transition countries overthe period 1990-95. Estimation … is more likely to be a (direct) causation. Only inflation and war seem to have beenrelatively more important for growth …

is enormous: billionaires. We explore the relationship between economic development, institutions, and these contrasting … kinds of entrepreneurs. We find that the institutions consistent with self-employed entrepreneurs differ markedly from the … ones consistent with billionaires. Further, only the latter are consistent with the institutions that underlie economic …

results suggest that (particularly state) institutions aresignificant for growth and, especially, foreign direct investment …Growth empirics with institutional measures is performed for 25 transition countries overthe period 1990-95. Estimation … is more likely to be a (direct) causation. Only inflation and war seem to have beenrelatively more important for growth …

We explore the exercise of power in perpetuating status quo institutions. We give empirical examples of the economic …

new de facto indicator for the rule of law. It is the first such indicator to take the quality of legal norms explicitly … all. Our empirical evidence does, however, support not only the "primacy of institutions" view, but also the important …

The contention that “inclusive” institutions are the deep determinants of economic growth remains unsatisfactory. This … the feedback loops among institutions, political power and economic structures, thus, markets on their own will not ensure … growth-enhancing transformations. The workings of this framework are illustrated using a USA case study, and it exposes the …