Die Frage nach der Kausalität fällt in die Methodologie. Methodologie ist in den Wirtschaftswissenschaften ein Bereich, der sowohl bei Ökonomen als auch bei Philosophen kaum Beachtung findet. Ökonomik hat sich ursprünglich als eine kausal erklärende Wissenschaft verstanden. Sie wollte für...

This study sheds new light on the question of whether or not sentiment surveys, and the expectations derived from them, are relevant to forecasting economic growth and stock returns, and whether they contain information that is orthogonal to macroeconomic and financial data. I examine 16...

This paper features an analysis of cryptocurrencies and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on their effectiveness as a portfolio diversification tool and explores the correlations between the continuously compounded returns on Bitcoin, Ethereum and the S&P500 Index using a variety of parametric...

Crude oil draws attention in recent research as its demand may indicate world economic growth trend in the post-COVID-19 era. In this paper, we study the dynamic lead-lag relationship between the COVID-19 pandemic and crude oil future prices. We perform rolling-sample tests to evidence whether...

This paper investigates the COVID-19 outbreak, explains the policies adopted by governments, and examines the side effects of social distancing on the global economy and international finance. Causal loop diagrams are used to explain the interlinkages amongst the important variables and show the...

The existing literature on COVID-19 has been dominated by medical sciences as well as epidemiological studies related to different public health reasons or disease related issues. Using the data set of 8 variables of Roser et al. (2020) from Our World in Data we have tested several propositions...

Analysing causality among oil prices and, in general, among financial and economic variables is of central relevance in applied economics studies. The recent contribution of Lu et al. (2014) proposes a novel test for causality- the DCC-MGARCH Hong test. We show that the critical values of the...