This paper focuses on four major aggregate stock price indexes (SP 500, Stock Europe 600, Nikkei 225, Shanghai Composite) and two "safe-haven" assets (Gold, Swiss Franc), and explores their return co-movements during the last two decades. Significant contagion effects on stock markets are...

Extending price momentum tests to the longest available histories of global financial assets, including country equities, government bonds, currencies, commodities, sectors and U.S. stocks, we create a 215-year history of cross-sectional multi-asset momentum, and confirm the significance of the...