differences in student performance in cognitive achievement tests. A microeconometric student-level estimation based on data for …

differences in student performance in cognitive achievement tests. A microeconometric student-level estimation based on data from …

drawer") bias in the estimates and, after due account is taken of this bias, we find that differences due to estimation … measure how these estimates vary by country, over time, and by estimation method. We find evidence of reporting (or "file …

Purchasing power adjusted incomes applied in cross-country comparisons are measured with bias. In this paper, we … estimate the purchasing power parity (PPP) bias in Penn World Table incomes and provide corrected incomes. The bias is … bias and the bias in consumer price index (CPI) numbers. The PPP bias and subsequent corrected incomes are measured by …

Price-adjusted data on national incomes applied in cross-country comparisons are measured with bias. By studying micro … data, this paper finds that the bias is systematic: the poorer a country is, the more its income tends to be overestimated …. Consequently, international income inequalities are underestimated. The bias in the macro price variables (PPPs), is caused by …