in both years). Undercharging for global warming accounts for 22 percent of the subsidy in 2013, air pollution 46 percent … subsidizer in 2013 ($1.8 trillion), followed by the United States ($0.6 trillion), and Russia, the European Union, and India …

countries' own interests. The potential fiscal, environmental and welfare impacts of energy subsidy reform are substantial …

in both years). Undercharging for global warming accounts for 22 percent of the subsidy in 2013, air pollution 46 percent … subsidizer in 2013 ($1.8 trillion), followed by the United States ($0.6 trillion), and Russia, the European Union, and India …

consumption to changes in energy prices and the implications of our findings for the debate on energy subsidy reform. Our findings … significant long-term benefits from the reform of energy subsidies. Our findings also indicate that short-term gains from subsidy … reform are likely to be much smaller, which suggests the need for either a gradual approach to subsidy reform or for more …