A feature of modern globalization processes is their vulnerability to the volatility of short-term capital flows, which, combined with the growing volatility of commodity prices, have created serious difficulties for the economic policies of commodity-oriented countries. Therefore, the study of...

Since the efficiency of obtaining energy is decreasing, it is important to determine how the degradation in energy quality will influence society. Despite the rising importance of net energy, few quantitative studies have been conducted on the relationship between energy quality and quality of...