is higher than the actual CTR. We demonstrate the existence of the bias analytically and show the effect of the bias on … the equilibrium of the SSA auction. Using a large dataset from a major search engine, we measure the magnitude of bias and … as high as 11% due to aggregation bias. We also present a few data summarization techniques that can be used by search …

perception of the advertised brand. Historically these models have been parameterized using survey data only and the bias … inherent in such surveys is discussed in isolation. In this paper we examine the impact of selection/survey bias on the … likely to complete the survey make it less likely to recall the ad. Consideration of selection bias has the following impacts …