Purpose: Mobile and smart devices provide a platform for firms/brands to communicate directly with past, present, or potential consumers (via online pop-ups, sponsored ads, ads on social media messengers, timelines, and walls, etc.). Intense competition among firms and brands resulted in...

Consumers are exposed to rising numbers of ads for which they have falling amounts of time. This poses a serious challenge for advertisers and ad agencies who want to engage consumers with their ads, create positive impressions and build memory for their ads and brands. The bulk of ads in...