This paper addresses two issues encountered in the empirical financial distress literature: a-theoretical treatment of leverage and product-market competition as predictors of financial distress hazard; and lack of attention to frailty as a potential source of bias in reported estimates. We...

We explore how trade credit complements cash holdings in product market competition. First, similar to cash to cash flow sensitivity (Almeida, Campello, and Weisbach 2004), we report that trade credit is sensitive to internal cash flows and this sensitivity is moderated by firms' financial...

We investigate the impact of banking competition on corporate credit risk. Although banking competition does not, on average, affect corporate bankruptcy rates, we find that it causes corporate bankruptcies to increase significantly for high-leverage firms. This effect lasts up to eight years...