. First, sector-specific regulation can be used to address market failures, such as, for instance, the presence of bottlenecks … of this paper will be on ex ante regulation. There is indeed considerable debate regarding the regulatory framework …-handed approach to regulation. Pursuant to this view, the forthcoming postal directive should only provide for minimal regulatory …

outcomes in deregulated markets. These market failures could be the result of bad regulation, bad competition law enforcement …

. Typically, new services are not subject to specific regulation, owing to the risk that this would discourage investment and … intervention to date, an equally valid response is to question the effectiveness of existing regulation. Both new entrants and … benefits for customers and reducing the need for regulation; to assess the impact of public policy on incentives to invest in …

shows that these problems do not automatically imply that sector specific regulation is warranted. The same hold for the … question of regulated mobile number portability. Instead, an ex post introduction of sector specific regulation can be regarded … specific regulation of mobile telephone markets. The social welfare loss that would arise from such regulations are estimated …

services, and rail and air transport. Competition policy is discussed with respect to: the relation between regulation and …

managing markets and the limitations on and problems with self-organisation in regulation. Competition is a spontaneous process … and is in the domain of human action, while "regulation" is a product of human design and contains instruments and … engineering competition, "engineering regulation", with a clear and intentional focus on devising an appropriate framework …

surplus from foreign to domestic consumers via intensified network competition. The model can ex- plain the regulation of …

best weak in this industry. This paper tests the hypothesis that regulation of manufacturer prices and of retail pharmacy … markets (US, UK, Canada, Germany) but that regulation undermines generic competition in strict regulatory systems (France …, Italy, Japan). Regulation of retail pharmacy further constrains competition in France, Germany and Italy. Regulation thus …