Lewis, Vivien; Stevens, Arnoud - 2012
the "competition effect", by which desired price markups and inflation decrease when entry rises. We find that a 1 percent … increase in the number of competitors lowers desired markups by 0.18 percent. Most of the cyclical variability in inflation is … driven by markup fluctuations due to sticky prices or exogenous shocks rather than endogenous changes in desired markups. …