voluntary competition. We find that while the mandatory competition does increase stress levels, there is no gender difference … correlated with choosing to enter the voluntary competition for women. In Experiment 2 we exogenously induce stress using the … stress responses and the decision to enter a competition or not, these cannot explain the general gender gap in willingness …

voluntary competition. We find that while the mandatory competition does increase stress levels, there is no gender difference … correlated with choosing to enter the voluntary competition for women. In Experiment 2 we exogenously induce stress using the … stress responses and the decision to enter a competition or not, these cannot explain the general gender gap in willingness …

This study explores the relationship between competitiveness and stress. In Experiment 1, we examine the response of … cortisol, the primary stress hormone, during both piece-rate and tournament tasks. We find that the more competitive tournament … subjects exhibit higher stress responses induced by the tasks. In Experiment 2, we manipulate stress using the Trier Social …

Since many key career events, such as exams and interviews, involve competition and stress, gender differences in … competition. We also find that stress decreases willingness to compete overall, and for women, this is related to performance … psychosocial stress using the Trier Social Stress Test, and confirm that this is effective by measuring salivary cortisol. Subjects …

Gender differences in paid performance under competition have been found in many laboratory-based experiments, and it … the subject competes with three other individuals and the winner takes all; (ii) an anonymized competition in which an … individual competes against an imposed production target and is paid only if s/he exceeds it; (iii) a 'personified' competition …