I present a two-player nested contest which is a convex combination of two widely studied contests: the Tullock (lottery) contest and the all-pay auction. A Nash equilibrium exists for all parameters of the nested contest. If and only if the contest is sufficiently asymmetric, then there is an...

Recently, a Competitive Exception Learning Algorithm (CELA) was introduced [1, 2]. This algorithm establishes an optimal mapping from a (continuous) M-dimensional input sample space to an N-dimensional (continuous) output sample space. CELA is aimed to discover regimes (i.e. local behavior in...

This paper presents a formal theory of reciprocity. Reciprocity means that people reward kind actions and punish unkind ones. The theory takes into account that people evaluate the kindness of an action not only by its consequences but also by the intention underlying this action. The theory...