pricing algorithms that allow for high-frequency price changes. What are the implications for price competition? We develop a … model of price competition where firms can differ in pricing frequency and choose algorithms that autonomously react to … pricing algorithms lead to meaningful increases in markups, especially for firms with superior pricing technology …

firefly algorithm. A real-world application of locating new chain stores in the city of Tehran, Iran, is used and the results … algorithm. The results demonstrate that the performed method provides good-quality results for the test problems. …