In this paper, I examine duopoly with multi-services, where firms offer delivery prices and mill prices at the same time, and each consumer chooses one of them. In the equilibria, firms specialize in delivery services even if their transport costs are higher than consumers'. This result is...

Subcontracting has become a prominent business practice across many industries. Subcontracting of industrial production is generally based on short-term need for additional processing capacity, and is oftentimes employed by manufacturers to process customer orders more quickly than using only...