structure caused competition distortions at the operational level. Separating the railway infrastructure from the rest of the DB …Since the railway reform in 1994, the railway infrastructure of the Deutsche Bahn Group has been organised together … Group's operations in terms of ownership could prevent this distortion of competition. So far, however, the political will …

agreement, the coalition confirmed further investments in rail infrastructure. In addition, a national integrated timetable, the … increased competition, a more attractive rail market as well as an increase in rail traffic. …

agreement, the coalition confirmed further investments in rail infrastructure. In addition, a national integrated timetable, the … increased competition, a more attractive rail market as well as an increase in rail traffic. …

What is a good balance between competition and coordination in network industries? Network unbundling aims to promote … competition, but this has to be balanced against the downside of unbundling: firm-internal coordination falls away and must be … coordination. This paper examines three persistent sources of flawed coordination: 1) a regulation versus unbundling dilemma, 2 …

This paper explores the access charge for the use of the Italian rail infrastructure. Access problems arise when the … companies when using the infrastructure. We conclude that the structure of the access charge has changed significantly with the …

pay to the infrastructure manager for access to the tracks and how these charges change with increased competition in the … infrastructure are vertically separated. We analyze how the regulatory agency will optimally set the charges that operators have to … prices per kilometer and increases total output in train kilometers. The regulatory agency reacts to more competition with a …