In this paper, we examine the influence of bank regulation, concentration, and financial and institutional development … on commercial bank margins and profitability across a broad selection of Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries …. We cover the 1989-2005 period and control for a wide array of macroeconomic, financial, and bank characteristics. The …

In this paper, we examine the influence of bank regulation, concentration, and financial and institutional development … on commercial bank margins and profitability across a broad selection of Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries …. The empirical results suggest that bank-specific characteristics, in particular bank capitalization and credit risk, have …

selected other countries. We document how changes in the ATM market regulation and market structure has decoupled the ATM … network size from the declining cash use in Finland. The Finnish regulation has almost exclusively focused on foreign fees …, while in general it would be better to regulate interchange fees. If the optimal fee regulation is not feasible, the …

Minimum capital requirement regulation forces banks to refund a substantial amount of their investments with equity … higher loan interest rates, then borrowers are likely to become more risky, which may destabilize the lending bank. This … paper argues that, in addition to the buffer and cost effect of capital regulation, there is a strategic effect. A binding …